N Nature Nanotechnology · Dec 05, 2025 Interpretation of the binding energy shifts in the Mo 3dcore-level XPS spectra of molybdenene arising fromT. K. Satu et al.Nature Nanotechnologyhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01484-2(2023) Characterization and analytical techniques Electronic properties and materials Techniques and instrumentation Two-dimensional materials Nanotechnology XPS Molybdenene Materials Science
N Nature Nanotechnology · Dec 05, 2025 Bioengineered photosynthetic nanothylakoids reshape the inflammatory microenvironment for rheumatoid arthritis therapy Reducing individual inflammatory factors does not always translate into clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages are a key driver of the hyperinflammatory joint microenvironment, which also promotes the progression of RA. Here we show that folate-receptor-targeted photosynthetic nanothylakoid (FA-PEG-NTK)-based phototherapy reprogrammes macrophages from M1 to anti-inflammatory M2, and successfully remodels the inflammatory RA microenvironment. The nanothylakoids were sourced from plant-derived thylakoids and developed by surface modification with distearoyl phosphoethanolamine–polyethylene glycol (PEG) via hydrophobic interactions to preserve their photocatalytic enzymes. We show that upon light irradiation in a mouse macrophage model of inflammation, the FA-PEG-NTK system generates oxygen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, alleviating hypoxia and reducing reactive oxygen species. This rebalances the oxidative stress in M1 macrophages, thereby remodelling the inflammatory microenvironment in RA. We also show that in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model, FA-PEG-NTK-mediated phototherapy notably alleviated synovial hyperplasia and enhanced bone and cartilage regeneration, outperforming the clinical treatment methotrexate, with no apparent side effects. Biomedical engineering Drug delivery Nanostructures Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine biology mouse experiments
N Nature Nanotechnology · Dec 04, 2025 Geometry-induced spin chirality in a non-chiral ferromagnet at zero field Spin chirality is a fundamental property that manifests non-reciprocal transport—magnetochiral anisotropy (MChA). However, the application of MChA in technology is constrained by the necessity for an external magnetic field, complex non-centrosymmetric crystal synthesis and cryogenic environments. Here we overcome these challenges by imprinting geometric chirality onto a nickel tube via three-dimensional nanoengineering. We use two-photon lithography to create a structurally twisted polymeric template with micrometre-sized pitch and diameters and cover it with a uniform 30-nm-thick nickel shell. The nickel tube exhibits spontaneous MChA—non-reciprocal transport at zero magnetic field and room temperature. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism microscopy confirms helical spin textures stabilized by the torsion- and curvature-engineered shape anisotropy, while inelastic light scattering spectroscopy demonstrates robust non-reciprocal magnon transport at remanence, reconfigurable via magnetic field history. The chiral parameter in our device surpasses that of natural chiral magnets such as Cu2OSeO3. Analytical theory and micromagnetic simulations demonstrate that the non-reciprocity is further enhanced by downscaling the feature sizes. Our results establish a scalable, geometry-driven nanotechnology that imprints spin chirality on non-chiral ferromagnets and may enable nanoscale integration of chirality-enhanced magnonics and spintronics for real-world use cases. Magnetic devices Magnetic properties and materials Spintronics other
