We describe a compositionally guided structural evolution within a stoichiometrically conserved framework, BaSbQ3 (Q = Te1−xSx), where each value of x gives rise to a distinct phase. The fundamental building blocks, A1 (BaSbSTe2) and Bn (BanSbnSn−1Te2n+1)...
Commercializing perovskite photovoltaics requires overcoming three critical barriers: the use of toxic solvents in manufacturing, variations in perovskite film quality across large areas, and limited operational reliability. Here, we address these ...
There are widespread fears that conversational artificial intelligence (AI) could soon exert unprecedented influence over human beliefs. In this work, in three large-scale experiments (N = 76,977 participants), we deployed 19 large language models (LLMs)—...
High-yielding forage grasslands frequently comprise low species diversity and receive high inputs of nitrogen fertilizer. To investigate multispecies mixtures as an alternative strategy, the 26-site international ‘LegacyNet’ experiment systematically ...
Accumulating evidence has connected the chemically unstable, DNA-damaging gut bacterial natural product colibactin to colorectal cancer, including the identification of mutational signatures that are thought to arise from colibactin-DNA interstrand cross-...
The plant cell wall regulates development through spatiotemporal modulation of its chemical and mechanical properties. Pectin methylesterification is recognized as a rheological switch controlling wall stiffness. Here, we reveal a bimodal ...
Cohesin folds genomes into chromatin loops, the roles of which are under debate. We found that double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce de novo formation of chromatin loops in human cells, with the loop base positioned at the DSB site. These loops form in the ...
Whether Nanotyrannus lancensis represents a distinct taxon or an immature Tyrannosaurus rex is a decades-long controversy. The N. lancesis holotype is an isolated skull and ceratobranchials, but limb osteohistology of Nanotyrannus-like individuals ...
The synthesis of human genomes and other gigabase-scale genomes will require new strategies. Here, we realized key steps in our pipeline for building synthetic human chromosomes. We established: (i) the facile transfer of human chromosomes from human ...
Accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for genome stability, and defective repair underlies diseases such as cancer. Homologous recombination uses an intact homologous sequence to faithfully restore damaged DNA, yet how broken ...
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells mediate tissue homeostasis and antimicrobial immunity. However, the cells that express MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1) and present microbial vitamin B-derived antigens (VitBAg) to MAIT cells remain unknown. ...
The structure and interaction networks of molecules within biomolecular condensates are poorly understood. Using cryo–electron tomography and molecular dynamics simulations, we elucidated the structure of phase-separated chromatin condensates across ...
According to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young (KTHNY) theory, the transition from a solid to liquid in two dimensions proceeds through an orientationally ordered liquid-like hexatic phase. However, alternative mixed melting scenarios, in ...
Plasmids are now the primary vectors of antimicrobial resistance, but our understanding of how human industrialization of antibiotics influenced their evolution is limited by a paucity of data predating the antibiotic era (PAE). By investigating plasmids ...
Electrically driven dielectric elastomer artificial muscles represent a transformative advancement in the field of soft robotics. However, their output performance has encountered a bottleneck owing to the insufficient electromechanical sensitivity of ...
Topological phases of matter are of both fundamental and practical interest. In this study, we implemented both equilibrium and nonequilibrium higher-order topological phases using a two-dimensional programmable superconducting quantum processor. Quantum ...
Transport properties define materials as insulators, metals, or superconductors. A fundamental parameter is the Drude weight, which quantifies the ballistic transport of charge carriers. Here, we measure the Drude weights of an ultracold gas of ...
Synchronizing movements to music is a hallmark of human culture, but its evolutionary and neurobiological origins remain unknown. This ability requires (i) extracting a steady rhythmic pulse, or beat, out of continuous sounds; (ii) projecting this ...
Spectral machine vision collects spectral and spatial information as three-dimensional hypercubes and digitally processes them, which causes a data bottleneck, limiting power efficiency, frame rate, and spectral-spatial resolution. This work introduces ...
The environmental burden of vapor compression refrigeration has driven interest in alternatives. Caloric refrigeration cycles offer a path forward, but most rely on solid-state materials with limited temperature lift, low performance, and poor fluidity, ...
Unlike small-area perovskite films produced by spin coating, which undergo prolonged thermal annealing in inert atmosphere for full crystallization, printable perovskite photovoltaics face a critical trade-off between crystal growth quality and ambient ...
Aging or injury to the joints can lead to cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA), for which there are limited effective treatments. We found that expression of 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is increased in the articular ...
Maximizing atomic utilization of noble metals is crucial for efficient industrial catalysis. We demonstrate that minimal platinum (Pt) loading for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) can be achieved through atom abstraction. At low loadings of Pt with copper (...
The mTOR protein kinase forms two multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that function in distinct signaling pathways. mTORC1 is regulated by nutrients, and mTORC2 is a central node in phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and small guanosine triphosphate ...
Enhancers are critical genetic elements controlling transcription from promoters, yet how they convey regulatory information across large genomic distances remains unclear. Here, we engineer pluripotent stem cells in which cohesin loop extrusion can be ...
Intragenomic conflict with selfish genetic elements spurs adaptive changes in subunits of essential multiprotein complexes. Whether and how these adaptive changes disrupt interactions within such complexes and threaten their essential functions remains ...
Host body temperature can define a virus’s replicative profile—influenza A viruses (IAVs) adapted to 40° to 42°C in birds are less temperature sensitive in vitro compared with human isolates adapted to 33° to 37°C. In this work, we show that avian-origin ...
Phenotypic drug screening remains constrained by the vastness of chemical space and the technical challenges of scaling experimental workflows. To overcome these barriers, computational methods have been developed to prioritize compounds, but they rely ...
How animals detect the Earth’s magnetic field remains a mystery in sensory biology. Despite extensive behavioral evidence, the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms responsible for magnetic sensing remain elusive. Adopting an unbiased approach we ...
Magmatic intrusion in Earth’s crust can lead to hazardous volcanic eruptions, but the physical processes involved remain largely hidden from direct observation. We used machine learning–derived seismicity as virtual stress meters at depth to study the ...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe inflammatory bowel disease affecting millions of people worldwide, but the factors driving the condition are poorly understood. In tissue samples from individuals with UC, we found that macrophages were depleted from ...
The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 10 chromosomes. By inducing CRISPR-Cas–mediated breaks at subcentromeric and subtelomeric sequences, we fused entire chromosome arms, obtaining two eight-chromosome lines. In one line, both arms of ...
Photoredox catalysis has emerged as a transformative strategy in synthetic chemistry, enabling a wide variety of valuable chemical reactions through generation of highly reactive radical ion intermediates. Pairing chiral counteranions with cation radical ...
Van der Waals contact between two-dimensional semiconductors and metals has always been inferior to covalent bond contacts used in semiconductor industry because of weak band coupling and low bond strength. Here, we report an atomic layer bonding (ALB) ...
Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells surpass the power-conversion efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells but face challenges in operational stability. We identified fill factor diminution as a key performance-loss mode in the state-...
Cooperative gas adsorption in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a rare phenomenon that generally involves long-range communication between multiple binding sites. We demonstrate a MOF containing cobalt(II)–methyl sites that selectively and reversibly ...
Optimal neural processing relies on precise tissue patterning across diverse cell types. Here, we show that spontaneous calcium waves arise among non-neuronal support cells in the developing Drosophila eye to drive retinal morphogenesis. These waves are ...
Pre-zygotic interspecific incompatibility prevents hybridization between species limiting interbreeding strategies for crop improvement using wild relatives. The Brassica rapa female self-incompatibility determinant, S-locus receptor kinase (SRK), ...
Transistors, fundamental to modern electronics, are traditionally rigid, planar, and two-dimensional (2D), limiting their integration with the soft, irregular, and three-dimensional (3D) nature of biological systems. Here, we report 3D semiconductors, ...
Multiple genetic codes developed during the evolution of eukaryotes and bacteria, yet no alternative genetic code is known for archaea. We used proteomics to confirm our prediction that certain archaea consistently incorporate pyrrolysine (Pyl) at TAG ...
From populations of multicellular organisms to selfish genetic elements, conflicts between levels of biological organization are central to evolution. Plasmids are extrachromosomal, self-replicating genetic elements that face selective pressures from ...
G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptors have diverse signaling properties with differential preferences for downstream pathways. Certain receptors, such as the chemerin receptor GPR1, undergo arrestin-mediated ...
Maintaining tissue function while eliminating infected cells is fundamental, and inflammatory damage plays a major contribution to lethality after lung infection. We tested 50 immunomodulatory regimes to determine their ability to protect mice from ...
Phosphorylation of hundreds of protein extracellular domains is mediated by two kinase families but the functional role of these kinases is underexplored. We find that the presynaptic release of the tyrosine-directed ectokinase, vertebrate lonesome ...
The competition of different length scales in quantum many-body systems leads to phenomena such as correlated dynamics and nonlocal order. To investigate such effects in an itinerant lattice-based quantum simulator, it has been proposed to introduce ...
The Moon formed from a giant impact of a planetary body, called Theia, with proto-Earth. It is unknown whether Theia formed in the inner or outer Solar System. We measured iron isotopes in lunar samples, terrestrial rocks, and meteorites representing the ...
Branched actin networks formed by the Arp2/3 complex are essential for immune system function. Patients with loss-of-function mutations in the ARPC5 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex develop inflammation and immunodeficiency after birth, leading to early ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) progresses through brain region–specific inflammation and degeneration, with poorly defined mechanisms. In individuals with MS, we identified increased expression of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) in central nervous system (CNS)–...
